For quick cleanings and light protection I would normally recommend the
Chemical Guys Meticulous Matte Detailer (MMD). Given your description this may not be enough so I'd recommend something a bit stronger that is still gentle like the
P21S Total Auto Wash. Spray it on the face of the wheel or a microfiber towel and wipe with light pressure it should be able to remove those build ups.
Hope this helps!
Greg @ DI