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From the ultimate source: Wikipedia!
Side marker lights and reflectors
In the United States, amber front and red rear side marker lights and retroreflectors are required. The law initially required lights or retroreflectors on vehicles manufactured after 1 January 1968. This was amended to require lights and retroreflectors on vehicles manufactured after 1 January 1970.[44] These side-facing devices make the vehicle's presence, position and direction of travel clearly visible from oblique angles.[44] The lights are wired so as to illuminate whenever the vehicles' parking lights and tail lights are on, including when the headlights are being used.[10] Front amber side markers in the United States may be wired so as to flash in synchronous phase or opposite-phase with the turn signals; nevertheless, they are not required to flash at all.[45] Side markers are permitted but not required on cars and light passenger vehicles outside the United States and Canada. If installed, they are required to be brighter and visible through a larger horizontal angle than US side markers, may flash only in synchronous phase with the turn signals (but are not required to flash), and they must be amber at the front and rear, except rear side markers may be red if they are grouped, combined, or reciprocally incorporated with another rear lighting function that is required to be red.[22]
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